Unlocking your car’s hidden data is now easier than ever with the best OBD2 scanners. These devices act as a crucial link to your vehicle’s onboard computer, providing vital insights into its health and performance. Whether you’re facing a mysterious dashboard light or suspect an underlying issue, a 2024 Obd2 Scanner empowers you to understand and address problems without immediately resorting to expensive professional diagnostics.
The market for OBD2 scanners is vast and varied, which can feel overwhelming, especially for beginners. Many car owners remember a time when deciphering car trouble required specialized knowledge and costly garage visits. Fortunately, advancements in automotive technology mean that in 2024, diagnosing your car’s issues yourself is increasingly accessible. We’ve rigorously tested a wide array of OBD2 scanners to pinpoint the top performers that are actually worth your investment this year. We understand the intimidation factor, because we’ve been there too. Our hands-on experience allows us to guide you to the best tools for your needs. Keep reading to discover our top recommendations and to learn more about how OBD2 scanners operate and what those cryptic error codes really signify.
Currently, our top choice is the Innova 6100P. It stands out with its advanced features, including predictive diagnostics that can foresee potential problems and detailed repair and parts information. For those who prefer a wireless experience, the Topdon TopScan offers exceptional mobile functionality for easy diagnostics on the go. If budget is a primary concern, the Launch CR529, priced around $40, delivers impressive features without breaking the bank.
Here’s a quick rundown of the best 2024 OBD2 scanners you can buy today.
Tom Pritchard
Tom is the UK Phones Editor at Tom’s Guide, with extensive experience reviewing mobile tech and a keen interest in electric vehicles and automotive technology.
2024’s Best OBD2 Scanners: Quick List
These are our top recommendations for the best OBD2 scanners available in 2024, based on thorough hands-on testing. Continue scrolling for detailed reviews of each product and insights into their standout features.
Innova 6100P OBD2 Scanner – Best Overall 2024
1. Innova 6100P: Best Overall
This scanner brings a professional feel to DIY diagnostics, offering comprehensive fault reading and diagnosis. When paired with the Innova app, it provides detailed problem descriptions, necessary parts, and estimated costs, along with predictive maintenance features.
Explore the Innova 6100P in Detail
Topdon TopScan Mobile OBD2 Scanner – Best Mobile Scanner 2024
2. Topdon TopScan: Best Mobile Scanner
This Bluetooth scanner is exceptionally easy to set up and use, packing professional-grade diagnostic features into a compact, wireless design. Expect diagnostics, repair guidance, parts lists, and predictive problem anticipation.
Discover the Topdon TopScan’s Mobile Capabilities
Launch CR529 OBD2 Scanner – Best Budget Scanner 2024
3. Launch CR529: Best Cheap Scanner
Small yet powerful, the Launch CR529 delivers essential OBD2 scanner functions and even some higher-end features typically found on more expensive models. It includes lifetime support and updates, offering excellent value for its affordable price.
Learn More About the Budget-Friendly Launch CR529
Topdon Phoenix Lite 2 OBD2 Scanner – Best Rugged Scanner 2024
4. Topdon Phoenix Lite 2: Best Rugged Scanner
Built for durability, this rugged scanner, resembling a Nintendo Switch, is designed to withstand tough workshop environments. It’s a powerful tool suited for both professional mechanics and car enthusiasts who need a robust and reliable scanner.
Explore the Durability of the Topdon Phoenix Lite 2
Ancel BD310 OBD2 Scanner – Best Dual-Purpose Scanner 2024
5. Ancel BD310: Best Dual-Purpose Scanner
The Ancel BD310 functions as both an OBD2 scanner and an auxiliary dashboard display, providing engine specs in real-time. Its sleek design, smartphone compatibility, and affordable price make it a versatile choice for 2024.
Discover the Dual Functionality of the Ancel BD310
Carly OBD2 Scanner – Best Scanner with Companion App 2024
6. Carly OBD2 Scanner: Best Scanner with a Companion App
The Carly OBD Scanner excels with its exceptional companion app, offering extensive customization and professional-level diagnostics, particularly for VW, BMW, and Ford vehicles. It offers a user-friendly interface and a wealth of features.
Learn About the App-Driven Carly OBD Scanner
Deep Dive: Choosing the Right 2024 OBD2 Scanner
Why Trust Tom’s Guide? Our team at Tom’s Guide is committed to providing unbiased and thorough reviews. We invest countless hours testing and analyzing products to ensure our recommendations are reliable and help you make the best choices. Learn more about our rigorous testing methodology.
Best OBD2 Scanner Overall: Innova 6100P
Innova 6100P menu display(Image credit: Tom’s Guide)
1. Innova 6100P
Transforms DIY mechanics into pros.
Read our expert Innova 6100P review
Specifications:
- Display: Color, 2.8 inches
- Connectivity: Bluetooth, Handheld
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: 9
- Warranty: 1 year
- Dimensions: 7.2 x 3.4 x 1.1 inches
- Weight: 6.5 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Compact and portable design
- Resets battery and oil lights
- Hybrid operation with handheld and app-based diagnostics
- Provides repair instructions and parts information
Reasons to Avoid:
- Text-based interface may feel dated
- Keys require firm pressure
During our tests, the Innova 6100P truly stood out by making even complex diagnostic tasks feel professional and straightforward. It’s remarkably user-friendly, regardless of your automotive expertise level. This ease of use is largely due to its ability to simplify and expedite various diagnostic procedures. While initial setup is slightly more involved than some other scanners, it’s far from difficult. The scanner quickly becomes operational once plugged into your car’s OBD port.
A key advantage of the Innova 6100P is its hybrid functionality. It offers the flexibility to use either the dedicated handheld scanner or Innova’s intuitive companion app, depending on your preference and situation. The app includes a standout predictive feature that anticipates potential component failures, enabling proactive maintenance and repair planning. This predictive capability alone almost justifies its $120 price. The added benefits of live data access, fault code reading, pre-inspection I/M readiness checks, and a generous 72-inch cable enhance its value even further.
For a comprehensive look, read our full Innova 6100P review.
Best Mobile OBD2 Scanner: Topdon TopScan
Topdon TopScan OBD scanner with Bluetooth
(Image credit: Topdon)
2. Topdon TopScan
Maximize your car’s potential with deep diagnostics.
Read our expert Topdon TopScan review
Specifications:
- Display: None (App-based)
- Connectivity: Bluetooth
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: None (App-controlled)
- Warranty: 2 years
- Dimensions: 3.2 x 2.0 x 1.1 inches
- Weight: 2.6 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Extensive automotive diagnostic coverage
- Real-time live data monitoring
- Unique performance indicators
- Comprehensive maintenance item coverage
Reasons to Avoid:
- Larger transmitter module
- Some features require subscription after the first year
The Topdon TopScan might appear unassuming at first glance, but this compact scanner is packed with features that go far beyond basic OBD2 functionality. It’s more than just a standard Bluetooth OBD2 module that relays information to your smartphone app. We were impressed to find that it surpasses many competitors in its class in terms of diagnostic capabilities.
Beyond basic fault finding and I/M Readiness tests, the TopScan excels in performance and efficiency analysis. It can even estimate your car’s horsepower and torque, features rarely found in scanners at this price point. Many OBD2 scanners costing ten times as much lack these performance analysis features. Whether you are aiming to optimize your vehicle’s performance or simply ensure it remains in top condition for daily driving in 2024, the Topdon TopScan is an invaluable tool to have.
For a detailed analysis, see our full Topdon TopScan review.
Best Budget OBD2 Scanner: Launch CR529
Launch CR529 OBD2 scanner
(Image credit: Future)
3. Launch CR529
Top-tier OBD2 scanning for under $50.
Read our expert Launch CR529 review
Specifications:
- Display: Color, 2.8 inches
- Connectivity: Handheld
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: 8
- Warranty: 1 year
- Dimensions: 6.5 x 3.8 x 1.2 inches
- Weight: 11 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Extremely affordable
- Lifetime free updates
- Easy pre-inspection report generation
Reasons to Avoid:
- Lacks manufacturer-specific specialty codes
- Feels somewhat heavy
- Limited 1-year warranty
The Launch CR529 is arguably the best value OBD2 scanner on the market in 2024. Its low price of around $38 is remarkable, especially considering the diagnostic features it offers. We were genuinely surprised by the level of functionality available at such an accessible price point.
Naturally, some compromises are necessary at this price. The CR529 does not support manufacturer-specific codes and has a slightly heavier feel. However, it still provides essential features like live data, an instant inspection function, and detailed insights into your car’s systems. Crucially, lifetime updates ensure that your scanner remains current, offering long-term value without any subscription fees. While the CR529 might not meet the needs of professional mechanics, it’s an excellent choice for everyday car owners looking for reliable diagnostics in 2024.
Read our full Launch CR529 review for more details.
Best Pro-Level OBD2 Scanner: Topdon Phoenix Lite 2
Topdon Phoenix Lite 2 OBD2 scanner over a car engine
(Image credit: Future)
4. Topdon Phoenix Lite 2
Bridging the gap between amateur and professional diagnostics.
Read our expert Topdon Phoenix Lite 2 review
Specifications:
- Display: Color, 8 inches (Touchscreen)
- Connectivity: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Handheld
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: Touchscreen
- Warranty: 2 years
- Dimensions: 10.2 x 7.2 x 1.7 inches
- Weight: 2.6 pounds
Reasons to Buy:
- Professional-grade OBD scanner features
- Hybrid handheld with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity
- Large 8-inch touchscreen display
- Extensive array of diagnostic tests and live data options
- Includes adapters and a hard carry case
Reasons to Avoid:
- Bulky and heavy design
- Higher price point
- Subscription required for updates after two years
The Topdon Phoenix Lite 2 is a significant investment compared to many other OBD2 scanners, but it delivers exceptional value for its price. It’s designed to serve both experienced mechanics and serious DIY enthusiasts looking for professional-level diagnostics in 2024. The comprehensive features and robust build quality justify the cost for users who demand advanced capabilities.
A standout feature is its wireless operation. The control pad connects via Bluetooth to a receiver plugged into the OBD port, offering unparalleled freedom of movement around the vehicle. While the scanner itself is large and heavy, it features a kickstand and a rugged construction, making it suitable for demanding workshop environments. It provides advanced functionalities such as live data graphing and detailed fault information, surpassing the capabilities of most budget scanners. Note that firmware updates are included for two years, after which a yearly subscription of $495 is required.
Explore the full capabilities in our Topdon Phoenix 2 Lite review.
Best Dual-Purpose OBD2 Scanner: Ancel BD310
Ancel BD310 OBD2 Scanner
Ancel BD310 (Image credit: Tom’s Guide)
5. Ancel BD310
An OBD2 scanner that doubles as a car display.
Read our expert Ancel BD310 review
Specifications:
- Display: Color, 2 inches
- Connectivity: Bluetooth, Handheld
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: 4
- Warranty: 3 years
- Dimensions: 5.1 x 2.4 x 0.6 inches
- Weight: 5.4 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Lightweight and compact
- Functions as both a scanner and a secondary car display
- Offers handheld and Bluetooth scanning
Reasons to Avoid:
- Minimalist interface may lack detail
- Small screen size
The Ancel BD310 uniquely combines OBD2 scanning with the functionality of a secondary vehicle display. It operates as a standard handheld scanner and can also connect to a smartphone via Bluetooth to display real-time engine data directly in your car. This dual functionality makes it a convenient tool for monitoring your vehicle’s health in 2024.
Its compact and lightweight design makes the BD310 highly portable and easy to store in a glovebox. The 2-inch screen is small, and the four-key interface is somewhat basic, but these design choices prioritize portability and ease of use for quick diagnostics. The 56-inch cable is ideal for convenient use around the engine bay. The BD310 supports essential functions like I/M readiness tests and provides performance data, including coolant temperature, engine timing, and speed.
Learn more in our detailed Ancel BD310 review.
Best Companion App for OBD2 Scanning: Carly OBD2 Scanner
Carly OBD2 scanner design
(Image credit: Carly)
6. Carly OBD2 Scanner
Maximize utility based on your car model.
Read our expert Carly OBD scanner review
Specifications:
- Display: None (App-based)
- Connectivity: Bluetooth
- I/M Readiness Test: No
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: None (App-controlled)
- Warranty: Lifetime
- Dimensions: 2.9 x 1.5 x 0.7 inches
- Weight: 0.7 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- User-friendly app interface
- Extensive customization options
- Real-time live data display
- Maintenance and repair features
- Lifetime warranty and updates
Reasons to Avoid:
- Feature availability varies by car model
- App subscription can be costly
The Carly OBD Scanner stands out due to its exceptional companion app, which greatly enhances the scanning experience. While many Bluetooth OBD2 scanners offer basic apps, Carly provides one of the most feature-rich and user-friendly apps available in 2024.
Beyond basic diagnostics and fault light resets, the Carly app offers repair assistance, used car checks to prevent purchasing lemons, and a lifetime warranty, which is a rare and valuable benefit. The primary drawback is that feature compatibility varies significantly across car models, with VW, BMW, and Ford models generally receiving the most extensive support. Additionally, accessing advanced features beyond basic OBD functions requires an ongoing subscription, which can increase the overall cost.
For a deeper understanding, read our full Carly OBD scanner review.
Other OBD2 Scanners We Evaluated in 2024
Innova CarScan Mobile 1000 in use
(Image credit: Tom’s Guide)
8. Innova CarScan Mobile 1000
Innovative diagnostics in a compact form.
Read our expert Innova CarScan Mobile 1000 review
Specifications:
- Display: None (App-based)
- Connectivity: Bluetooth
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: None (App-controlled)
- Warranty: 1 year
- Dimensions: 2.0 x 1.5 x 1.0 inches
- Weight: 0.9 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Easy setup process
- Small and highly portable
- Excellent companion app features
- Predictive diagnostics and repair suggestions
- Functions as a standalone gauge display
Reasons to Avoid:
- Requires two separate apps
- Apps include advertisements
The Innova CarScan Mobile 1000 is notable for its innovation and ease of use among Bluetooth OBD2 scanners. It’s incredibly simple to set up and, despite its small size, it packs many of the advanced diagnostic features found in larger Innova scanners, making it a strong contender in 2024.
It offers a wide range of diagnostic capabilities, including Innova’s predictive software that can identify potential issues before they become critical. It also provides part and repair suggestions, offering practical guidance for addressing problems. Additionally, it can transform your smartphone into a secondary dashboard display, showing real-time vehicle data. However, it does rely on two separate apps, both of which contain ads, which might detract from the user experience.
For a complete review, see our Innova CarScan Mobile 1000 review.
ThinkCar ThinkDiag TKD01 OBD2 Scanner
(Image credit: Tom’s Guide)
9. ThinkCar ThinkDiag TKD01
Reliable diagnostics with a subscription model.
Read our expert ThinkCar ThinkDiag TKD01 review
Specifications:
- Display: None (App-based)
- Connectivity: Bluetooth
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: None (App-controlled)
- Warranty: 1 year
- Dimensions: 3.1 x 2.0 x 1.1 inches
- Weight: 2.7 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Reads enhanced diagnostic codes
- Offers numerous optional functions
- Includes a hard carry case
Reasons to Avoid:
- Requires a $40 app subscription after the first year
- Bulky size
- Setup can be complex
The ThinkCar ThinkDiag TKD01 is one of the larger Bluetooth OBD2 scanners, which can sometimes complicate installation, potentially requiring an extension cable for some vehicles. However, its robust build makes it exceptionally durable. It’s a dependable option for comprehensive diagnostics in 2024, especially for users needing advanced code reading.
The ThinkDiag app supports profiles for over 100 vehicle manufacturers, making it excellent for accessing manufacturer-specific error codes. It also reads extended fault codes and handles tasks like resetting oil change lights and monitoring essential vehicle systems. Like Innova scanners, it offers predictive diagnostics but lacks repair advice. A significant consideration is the subscription model: after the first year, continued access requires an annual fee of at least $40.
See our full ThinkCar ThinkDiag TKD01 review for more information.
Autel AutoLink AL539 OBD2 Scanner
Autel AutoLink AL539 (Image credit: Tom’s Guide)
10. Autel AutoLink AL539
Ideal for diagnosing electrical issues.
Read our expert Autel AutoLink AL539 review
Specifications:
- Display: Color, 2.8 inches
- Connectivity: Handheld
- I/M Readiness Test: Yes
- Live Data Display: Yes
- Number of Keys: 8
- Warranty: 1 year
- Dimensions: 6.7 x 3.6 x 1.4 inches
- Weight: 10.6 ounces
Reasons to Buy:
- Integrated electrical multimeter
- Battery testing capabilities
- Includes a stand for hands-free use
Reasons to Avoid:
- OBD and multimeter functions cannot operate simultaneously
- Battery requires charging
The Autel AutoLink AL539 distinguishes itself with a built-in multimeter, a feature rarely found in OBD2 scanners. This allows users to diagnose electrical system problems, such as wiring issues, shorts, alternator voltage, and fuse failures. However, the multimeter cannot be used while the AL539 is functioning as an OBD2 scanner. For electrical diagnostics in 2024, this is a valuable addition.
As an OBD2 scanner, the AL539 provides live data and performs comprehensive pre-inspection readiness tests. Faults are clearly indicated with color-coded lights (red, yellow, green). Its design is compact and user-friendly, featuring a pull-out stand and a 58-inch cable. The interface is intuitive, with icon-based navigation for easy operation.
For more details, read our full Autel AutoLink AL539 review.
Frequently Asked Questions About OBD2 Scanners
What is an OBD2 Scanner?
OBD2 scanners are diagnostic tools that mechanics and car owners use to access information from a vehicle’s onboard computer. Instead of manually dismantling components, mechanics connect these scanners to the OBD port to quickly identify issues. For car owners in 2024, having an OBD2 scanner means taking a more proactive approach to vehicle maintenance.
At their most basic, OBD2 scanners read and interpret error codes generated by your car when it detects a problem. More advanced scanners offer real-time system monitoring and can even predict potential future issues. This technology empowers you to understand your car’s health and address problems promptly.
What is the OBD2 Port?
The On-Board Diagnostics Version Two (OBD2) port has been a standard feature in most passenger vehicles sold in the United States since 1996, Canada since 1998, the European Union since 2004, and in Australia, Mexico, and New Zealand since 2006. Understanding the OBD2 port is essential for anyone looking to use a 2024 OBD2 scanner.
This port serves as the interface point to your car’s computer system. Various devices can connect to it, including OBD2 scanners, insurance telematics devices, and dash cams. If you are unsure of its location, you can find guides on how to locate the OBD2 port in North American cars and worldwide OBD2/EOBD port locations.
What is a DTC?
DTC stands for Diagnostic Trouble Code. These are error codes generated by your car’s OBD system when it detects a malfunction. OBD2 scanners read these codes to help users diagnose vehicle problems. These codes are crucial for understanding what your 2024 OBD2 scanner is telling you.
Many DTCs are standardized across different vehicle makes and models, but some manufacturers also use proprietary DTCs unique to their vehicles. Understanding DTCs is key to effectively using an OBD2 scanner.
What Do DTCs Actually Mean?
DTCs may initially appear as a jumble of letters and numbers. However, they follow a logical structure that can provide insights into the nature and location of vehicle problems. Learning to interpret DTCs can greatly enhance your diagnostic capability with a 2024 OBD2 scanner.
The first character indicates the affected vehicle system: Powertrain (P), Body (B), Chassis (C), or Network (N). The second character is a number: 0 for generic codes and 1 for manufacturer-specific codes. The third character specifies the subsystem involved:
- 1: Fuel and air metering
- 2: Injector circuit fuel and air metering
- 3: Ignition system or misfire
- 4: Auxiliary emissions controls
- 5: Vehicle speed controls and idle control systems
- 6: Computer auxiliary outputs
- 7, 8, 9: Transmission and gearbox faults
- A, B, C: Hybrid-specific propulsion faults
The fourth and fifth characters pinpoint the exact fault, ranging from 0 to 99. OBD2 scanners translate these codes into understandable descriptions, with more advanced models providing even more detailed information. While you can research DTCs online, remember that there are over 5,000 potential codes. Not all DTCs indicate critical issues; some may simply warn of minor anomalies like slightly elevated engine temperature.
Choosing the Best OBD2 Scanner for Your Needs in 2024
If you want to gain deeper insights into your vehicle’s operation or diagnose a check engine light, using one of the best 2024 OBD2 scanners is an effective approach. These tools provide access to the same diagnostic information used by professional mechanics, empowering you to take control of your car maintenance.
OBD2 scanners are broadly categorized into two types:
- Handheld OBD2 scanners: These come with an integrated screen and a cable to connect to your car’s OBD port.
- Wireless OBD2 scanners: These plug into the OBD port and connect to a smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth to display diagnostic data.
Both types offer high-performance options for under $200, with some basic models available for under $30. When selecting a 2024 OBD2 scanner, consider these key factors:
- Easy Setup: A scanner should be quick and easy to set up so you can use it promptly when diagnosing a problem.
- Faults and Explanations: The best scanners not only identify fault codes but also provide clear explanations to help you understand the issue and decide on a course of action.
- I/M Readiness Check: A valuable feature for ensuring your vehicle will pass emissions inspections by checking key engine and emissions systems.
- Accuracy: Reliable and accurate results are paramount. Incorrect information is worse than no information.
- Size and Weight: A compact and lightweight scanner is more likely to be kept in your car for on-the-go diagnostics.
- Live Data: Access to real-time engine data helps in diagnosing intermittent problems and monitoring system performance.
- Graphs: Visual data representation through graphs can make it easier to analyze and compare data over time.
- Warranty: Opt for scanners with a robust warranty, ideally lifetime, to ensure long-term reliability.
The most crucial decision is whether to choose a handheld scanner with its own display or a wireless model that uses your smartphone. Consider longevity and choose a scanner with lifetime updates to keep pace with evolving automotive technology in 2024 and beyond. For handheld scanners, prioritize screen size and clarity, aiming for a large, bright, icon-based display. If durability is a concern, rugged models with shock-absorbing bumpers are available.
Look for additional features like electrical multimeters, manufacturer-specific code reading, and PDF report exporting. The affordability of advanced OBD2 scanners in 2024 means you can access near-professional-level diagnostics for under $100, a fraction of the cost of a single hour of mechanic labor.
Our OBD2 Scanner Testing Methodology
To evaluate the best OBD2 scanners for 2024, we conducted hands-on testing using a 2014 Audi A4 Allroad over several weeks in various driving conditions. Each scanner was connected to the vehicle’s OBD2 port, and we verified its ability to correctly identify the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
For wireless scanners, we tested connectivity with devices like an Apple iPad Pro, Microsoft Surface, and Samsung Galaxy S9+ via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Handheld scanners were tested by simply plugging them into the OBD2 port for power and data access. We measured cable lengths for handheld models and wireless range for Bluetooth scanners.
During vehicle operation, we monitored engine performance and vital systems. We also simulated a fault by disconnecting the engine’s oil temperature sensor to assess each scanner’s diagnostic accuracy. We then evaluated the detail of the fault information provided, used the scanner to clear the fault code and check engine light, and verified the repair.
Finally, we assessed each scanner’s ability to display live operating data such as engine speed, timing, and coolant temperature, noting whether data was presented numerically, graphically, or via simulated gauges. This comprehensive testing process ensures our recommendations for 2024 OBD2 scanners are thorough and reliable.
Understanding OBD2 fault codes is essential. All codes consist of five characters: a letter prefix and four numbers. The prefix indicates the system (Powertrain, Body, Chassis, Undefined), and the numeric portion provides specific fault details. Generic codes (starting with ‘0’ in the numeric section) are standardized across all vehicles, while manufacturer-specific codes (starting with ‘1’) are unique to particular carmakers, often indicating specialized components or more detailed diagnostics.
For example, a P0098 code typically indicates an issue with the engine’s intake air temperature sensor. In contrast, a Ford-specific P1112 code points to an intermittent issue with the intake air temperature sensor requiring replacement. Understanding these nuances is key to effective vehicle diagnostics using an OBD2 scanner in 2024.
