For electric vehicle (EV) owners, home charging is often the most convenient and cost-effective way to keep their batteries topped up. Most EV drivers plug in their vehicles overnight, utilizing either the standard AC Level 1 charger or upgrading to a faster AC Level 2 system. These setups are typically installed in garages, though safe outdoor options are available for those needing to charge in open spaces, even in rainy conditions, provided outdoor-rated equipment is used. Charging in apartment complexes or shared housing situations can present different scenarios, sometimes resembling public charging more than the typical single-family home setup.
Understanding the Initial Costs of Home Charging Equipment
Many EV owners find that the Level 1 charging cable that comes standard with most electric cars sufficiently meets their daily driving needs. This option is the most budget-friendly as it uses a standard 120V household outlet, often requiring no additional installation costs if a suitable outlet on a dedicated circuit is accessible near your parking spot.
However, for quicker charging times, especially beneficial for drivers with demanding schedules, longer commutes, or EVs with larger battery packs, Level 2 (240V) charging equipment is a popular upgrade. While Level 2 chargers involve an upfront purchase and potentially installation fees, various state and utility incentives are often available to help reduce these initial expenses.
When selecting Level 2 charging equipment, prioritizing safety and smart features is advisable. Look for safety certifications and status indicators. “Smart” Level 2 chargers can offer advanced functionalities like data tracking, user-friendly interfaces, enhanced displays, charging schedules, connectivity, and keypads for controlled access. It’s highly recommended to choose equipment certified by organizations like ENERGY STAR, ensuring testing by a recognized laboratory. Professional installation by a certified electrical contractor further guarantees safety and compliance.
Before installing any Level 2 equipment, consulting a qualified electrician is crucial. They can assess your home’s electrical capacity to determine if it’s sufficient for Level 2 charging. Homes with limited electrical capacity might need circuit upgrades to safely accommodate the increased power demand of Level 2 chargers.
Cities like San Jose, California, have been proactive in establishing guidelines for EV charging system installations in homes, outlining permitting processes and optimal placement of home charging units. Other cities, such as Seattle, have followed suit, providing resources like tip sheets for residential and commercial EV charging setups.
Understanding the Ongoing Electricity Costs
Beyond the initial equipment investment, the primary ongoing cost of charging an electric car at home is the electricity used. EV fuel efficiency is typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) per 100 miles. To calculate your per-mile electricity cost, you need to know your local electricity rate (dollars per kWh) and your EV’s efficiency.
For example, if electricity costs $0.107 per kWh (10.7 cents) and your EV uses 27 kWh to travel 100 miles, the cost per mile is approximately $0.03 (3 cents).
To estimate the cost of a full charge, consider an EV with a 200-mile range and a 54 kWh battery. Using the same electricity rate of $0.107 per kWh, fully charging a depleted battery would cost around $5.78 (54 kWh * $0.107/kWh). For comparing fueling costs across different vehicle models, both electric and conventional, resources like the Vehicle Cost Calculator can be helpful.
Keep in mind that actual home electricity costs for EV charging can fluctuate based on the type of charging equipment you use, the time of day you charge, and how long you charge. Many utility companies offer time-of-use (TOU) rates and other incentive programs specifically designed for EV owners. TOU rates often provide cheaper electricity during off-peak hours, typically overnight, which aligns perfectly with home EV charging habits and can lead to significant savings. For a deeper dive into potential cost savings with TOU rates, the report “Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States” offers valuable insights.
Ultimately, home EV charging provides predictable and often lower fueling costs compared to gasoline. The stability and planning advantages of household electricity rates make electric vehicles an increasingly attractive and economical transportation option.
