The Toyota Corolla isn’t just a car; it’s a global phenomenon. Having recently surpassed the remarkable milestone of 50 million units sold worldwide, the Toyota Corolla stands as a testament to enduring quality, unwavering reliability, and an uncanny ability to adapt to generations of drivers. For over 55 years and spanning twelve generations, the Toyota Corolla has consistently earned the trust and confidence of car buyers, one vehicle at a time, solidifying its place as not just a best-seller, but an automotive icon.
Introduced in 1966 and arriving in the United States in the spring of 1968 as a 1969 model, the Toyota Corolla entered a very different world. Priced from around $1,700, at a time when gasoline cost a mere $0.35 per gallon and the median household income was $7,700, the Corolla offered an accessible entry point to car ownership. While popular culture was dominated by shows like “Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In” and hit songs such as Otis Redding’s “(Sittin’ on) The Dock of the Bay,” the Toyota Corolla was quietly beginning its journey to automotive stardom.
Over the decades, the Toyota Corolla has evolved significantly, consistently offering increased space, enhanced comfort, and improved performance. It became the benchmark for value in its class, growing into a diverse family of vehicles. However, the most profound impact of the Toyota Corolla lies in the role it has played in the lives of millions of loyal owners who have relied on this dependable model for over half a century.
The Toyota Corolla has been the silent partner in countless life moments for nearly three generations of drivers. From first jobs and first dates to daily commutes, graduations, family vacations, and everything in between, the Corolla has been there for the significant and the everyday. Even those who have never owned a Toyota Corolla likely have a story about a friend, family member, or colleague who did.
Fifty million sales later, the Toyota Corolla remains a symbol of dependability and practicality. The 2022 Toyota Corolla, available at an affordable price, exemplifies this legacy by combining advanced technology, a sporty aesthetic, and premium comfort. It also boasts impressive fuel efficiency, particularly in the hybrid model achieving up to 53 MPG, and comes standard with Toyota Safety Sense 2.0, including automatic emergency braking.
Just as it did in the late 1960s, the Toyota Corolla continues to offer buyers the freedom and independence that comes with affordable and reliable transportation. The current 2022 Toyota Corolla lineup includes sedans, a sporty hatchback, a fuel-efficient hybrid, and the all-new Corolla Cross compact crossover, demonstrating its ongoing commitment to meeting diverse customer needs.
The dependability of the Toyota Corolla extends beyond just mechanics; it represents a trusted member of countless households. It’s this unwavering reliability that has often made the Corolla the first step into the “Toyota family,” with many owners subsequently choosing other Toyota models.
Ready for Any Road
The Toyota Corolla’s popularity experienced a surge during the 1973 Oil Embargo. As fuel shortages and price hikes became commonplace, the Corolla offered a sense of security, assuring drivers that even a small amount of fuel could go a long way. This fuel efficiency, coupled with its reputation for reliability, solidified the Corolla’s appeal during uncertain times.
Emerging from this period of economic challenge, the Toyota Corolla broadened its appeal even further. Toyota responded by expanding the model range, introducing sporty fastback coupe and liftback versions. Toyota’s dedication to continuous improvement ensured that each new generation of the Toyota Corolla surpassed its predecessor in various aspects.
By the mid-1980s, Toyota began manufacturing Corollas in the United States, a testament to its growing global presence. Today, Toyota Corollas are produced at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi, Inc. (TMMMS), established in 2011. The Mazda Toyota Manufacturing plant in Huntsville, Alabama, further expands production, now building the all-new Toyota Corolla Cross.
While the contemporary 2022 Toyota Corolla may seem worlds apart from its late 1960s predecessor, its core values remain deeply rooted in the original model. The Toyota Corolla continues to evolve, adapting to the ever-changing demands of a diverse customer base. However, it has never strayed from its fundamental mission: to deliver renowned Toyota quality, durability, and reliability, combined with excellent fuel economy, all at an accessible price point. And, of course, it has become significantly more refined and enjoyable to drive.
Let’s take a journey through the generations to see how the Toyota Corolla achieved the milestone of 50 million sales and continues to drive forward.
First Generation: 1969-1970 – The Essence of Simplicity
The first generation Toyota Corolla embodied simplicity in its purest form. Its clean, crisp design provided excellent visibility in coupe, four-door sedan, and two-door wagon configurations. A sportier coupe variant, the Toyota Corolla Sprinter, featuring a slightly sloping fastback roofline, was introduced later.
All first-generation Toyota Corollas were powered by a short-stroke 1,077-cc overhead-valve four-cylinder engine. Remarkably, for its time, this engine incorporated aluminum for the cylinder head, intake manifold, valve cover, and clutch housing. It delivered 60 horsepower (51 hp SAE net) and was paired exclusively with a four-speed manual transmission. Performance figures included a 0-60 mph time of approximately 17 seconds, and fuel economy was estimated in the high 20s MPG range.
The 1969 Toyota Corolla two-door sedan had a starting price just under $1,700 and included standard features such as reclining front seats and a locking fuel filler door. The attention to detail impressed both automotive journalists and customers alike. “Car and Driver” magazine noted in a road test, “Not only is the interior well designed but it’s also well finished, right down to the carpet that’s perfectly molded to the shape of the floor with every edge carefully bound to avoid that low-priced look.”
Second Generation: 1971-1974 – Growth and Automatic Options
The second-generation Toyota Corolla marked a step up in size. It featured a slightly longer wheelbase and an engine producing 73 horsepower. This generation also introduced the first optional automatic transmission for the Toyota Corolla, a two-speed unit (a three-speed automatic followed later). In 1972, the SR-5 coupe debuted, equipped with a more powerful 88-hp (SAE net) 1.6-liter engine and a five-speed manual transmission, positioning it as a sportier companion to the newly launched Celica sport coupe. By this point, the Toyota Corolla had already ascended to become the second best-selling car globally, demonstrating its rapid rise in popularity.
Third Generation: 1975-1979 – Expanding Body Styles
The third-generation Toyota Corolla continued the trend of incremental growth in size and offered a range of engine options including 1.2, 1.3, and 1.6-liter variants. For 1976, the model line expanded with the addition of fastback coupe and Liftback models, featuring updated front-end styling. The Liftback, resembling a sport wagon, offered increased rear headroom, blending sporty aesthetics with enhanced practicality.
Fourth Generation: 1980-1984 – Angular Design and Enhanced Refinement
A striking, angular design defined the fourth-generation Toyota Corolla. Despite the design change, it maintained a wide array of body styles. The focus of this generation was on maximizing interior space and reducing cabin noise while incorporating more comfort features. In the U.S. market, engine options included a 75-hp OHV 1.8-liter engine and the more powerful 4A-C 90-hp OHC 1.6-liter engine. The two-door models were praised for their innovative front seats with a “memory” function, which facilitated rear seat access and then returned to their original position and recline setting.
Fifth Generation: 1985-1988 – Front-Wheel Drive Revolution and Performance Variants
The fifth-generation Toyota Corolla marked a significant turning point. The core Toyota Corolla models transitioned to front-wheel drive, resulting in increased interior space and improved traction in various weather conditions. Toyota also began producing Corollas in California through a joint venture with General Motors called New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI). All front-wheel-drive engines now featured a SOHC configuration.
However, a rear-wheel-drive Toyota Corolla, identified by its VIN prefix “AE86,” was also offered in coupe and hatchback forms. The top-tier GT-S version was equipped with the legendary 4A-GE DOHC 1.6-liter engine, delivering exhilarating performance. In 1987, the front-wheel-drive FX hatchback was introduced, with the FX16 GT-S variant inheriting the 4A-GE engine to create a new “hot hatch” model. The rear-wheel-drive GT-S later achieved iconic status in drifting culture, both in real-world motorsports and in popular video games. The spirit of these performance-oriented models continues in the modern 2022 Toyota Corolla Hatchback.
Sixth Generation: 1989-1992 – All Front-Wheel Drive and Sporty GT-S
The sixth-generation Toyota Corolla lineup became exclusively front-wheel drive. All models were powered by 16-valve DOHC engines and featured four-wheel independent suspension, enhancing both performance and handling. The Toyota Corolla All-Trac wagon and sedan models offered a capable all-wheel-drive system. The new coupe model featured pop-up headlights, reminiscent of the AE86, and was available in SR-5 and GT-S trims. The GT-S variant was particularly sporty, boasting the 4A-GE engine, unique wheels, and a bold body kit, with the 1990-1991 version producing 135 horsepower.
Seventh Generation: 1993-1997 – Camry Influence and Best-Seller Status
The seventh-generation Toyota Corolla, offered in sedan and wagon styles in the U.S., adopted a design language that bore a closer resemblance to the Toyota Camry. In fact, it grew in cabin size, moving into the compact segment, while the Camry transitioned to the midsize category. Both 1.6-liter and 1.8-liter DOHC engines were available. In 1997, a CE sedan trim was introduced, bundling popular options into a special value-priced model. This timing was particularly significant as the Toyota Corolla achieved the title of the best-selling car model in history that same year.
Eighth Generation: 1998-2002 – Enhanced Safety and VVT-i Technology
The eighth-generation Toyota Corolla refined the proven formula, offering even more interior space on the same wheelbase as its predecessor. The redesigned unibody structure improved passenger crash protection, and notably, side airbags became available, enhancing safety features. A new all-aluminum 1ZZ-FE 1.8-liter DOHC four-cylinder engine debuted with Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i) system, producing 120 horsepower while achieving improved fuel economy.
Ninth Generation: 2003-2008 – Roomiest Cabin and Performance XRS Model
In its ninth generation, the Toyota Corolla grew slightly longer and taller, resulting in its most spacious cabin to date. A Toyota Corolla S model was introduced, featuring sport-tuned suspension and unique body styling. With its 130-horsepower engine, the Toyota Corolla achieved an EPA-estimated 31 combined MPG with the five-speed manual transmission and 28 combined MPG with the four-speed automatic. Reflecting technological advancements, the center console box could accommodate 14 compact discs.
For 2005, the performance-oriented Toyota Corolla XRS model combined the high-revving 164-horsepower 2ZZ 1.8-liter engine from the Celica GT-S with a six-speed manual transmission and sport-tuned suspension, delivering a more dynamic driving experience.
“The levels of fit and finish are nothing short of remarkable,” commented “Car and Driver” magazine about the ninth-generation Toyota Corolla, highlighting its continued focus on quality. By 2002, the Toyota Corolla had reached 25 million units sold worldwide, further cementing its global success.
Tenth Generation: 2009-2013 – Refinement and Technology Focus
The tenth-generation Toyota Corolla prioritized refinement in multiple areas, resulting in what “Motor Trend” magazine described as “must be the quietest car in its class, with less wind noise than many luxury cars.” The body design became sleeker while maintaining interior spaciousness. The XRS model returned, now equipped with the 2.4-liter engine from the Toyota Camry, providing increased torque and responsiveness for everyday driving. As CDs began to decline in popularity, higher-grade Toyota Corolla models offered JBL Premium Audio with iPod connectivity, Bluetooth, and steering-wheel-mounted audio controls, reflecting evolving consumer preferences for in-car technology.
Comfort and technology became increasingly important to compact car buyers, and the Toyota Corolla responded with the XLE trim, offering features such as an available power moonroof and a JBL audio system with AM/FM/six-disc CD changer, satellite radio, and eight speakers.
Eleventh Generation: 2014-2018 – Bold Design and Advanced Safety Features
The eleventh-generation Toyota Corolla debuted with a more sculpted and modern body design. Rear seat legroom was significantly increased to 41.4 inches, exceeding that of many midsize and full-size sedans, prioritizing passenger comfort. All Toyota Corolla models now included eight standard airbags, including a new driver’s knee airbag and front passenger seat cushion airbag, significantly enhancing safety. Crucially, the 2017 Toyota Corolla came standard with Toyota Safety Sense-P, a comprehensive safety system featuring automatic emergency braking, Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection, Lane Departure Alert with Steering Assist, Full-Speed Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, and Automatic High Beams.
Upgraded interior materials further enhanced the premium feel, and a touchscreen audio system with Bluetooth, USB, and iPod connectivity became standard. Automatic climate control was standard on the LE grade and above. The L and sporty S grades offered a six-speed manual transmission as standard, while the automatic transmission was now a CVT to improve fuel efficiency. The Toyota Corolla Eco model, featuring Valvematic engine technology, achieved an EPA-estimated 42 MPG highway and 34 MPG combined.
Twelfth Generation: 2019-Present – Dynamic Performance and Hybrid Efficiency
For 2019, the twelfth-generation Toyota Corolla introduced a new sedan with a lower, wider, and more athletic stance. Excitingly, the hatchback body style made a return to the lineup after a long absence. Even more significantly, the first-ever Toyota Corolla Hybrid Sedan debuted, becoming the fuel efficiency leader of the range with an impressive EPA-estimated 52 combined MPG.
The Toyota Corolla Hatchback features a unique body and channels the spirit of past performance models like the Toyota Corolla GT-S and XRS, thanks to its 169-horsepower 2.0-liter Dynamic Force engine and available rev-matching intelligent six-speed manual transmission. This powerful yet efficient engine is also available in the Toyota Corolla sedan. While the Toyota Corolla Hybrid leads in fuel economy, other models are also highly efficient, with 2.0-liter models achieving up to 35 combined MPG.
The Toyota Corolla Sedan and Hatchback offer a Nightshade Special Edition, a sporty XSE model, and a luxurious XLE trim. The Dynamic Shift CVT, available for most models (excluding the Hybrid), utilizes a geared first ratio for enhanced performance feel and efficiency. The limited-production Toyota Corolla Apex pushed performance even further with a distinctive body kit, track-tuned suspension with lowering springs, lightweight 18-inch alloy wheels, and a sport-tuned exhaust.
For 2022, the first-ever Toyota Corolla Cross joined the lineup, a new crossover model offering ample space and equipped with Toyota’s renowned comfort and technology features. All Toyota Corolla models are built on the Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA) platform, providing high levels of agility and safety. Furthermore, all Toyota Corolla models come standard with Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 across all grades.
The Legacy Continues
After 50 million vehicles, the Toyota Corolla confidently drives into the future, offering stylish, agile, quiet, spacious, and highly fuel-efficient models packed with the latest technology and safety features. Ready to create millions more personal stories around the world, the Toyota Corolla remains a global automotive leader, committed to providing reliable and accessible transportation for generations to come. Toyota encourages everyone to share their own Toyota Corolla story using #MyCorollaStory, celebrating the enduring legacy of this remarkable car.
