Definition of a hybrid publisher: Combining traditional and self-publishing aspects
The term “hybrid publishing” often surfaces in discussions about book publishing, yet its meaning can be elusive. If you’re an author, journalist, or even someone within the publishing industry, you might find yourself asking: what’s a hybrid publisher, really? The definition seems to shift depending on who you ask, and often, the term is used to rebrand a long-standing practice – authors paying for publication.
At its core, most agree that hybrid publishers represent a blend of traditional publishing and self-publishing approaches. However, beyond this basic understanding, pinning down a universal definition becomes challenging. Hybrid publishers operate with diverse business models, employ varied methods in author collaborations, and adopt different strategies for marketing and distribution. The costs associated with hybrid publishing can also vary significantly.
Adding to the confusion, the term “hybrid authors” doesn’t refer to authors working with hybrid publishing companies. Instead, it describes authors who navigate both traditional publishing routes and self-publishing paths independently. It’s crucial to distinguish between hybrid authorship and hybrid publishing – they are distinct concepts.
Exploring the Varieties of Hybrid Publishers
While a single, all-encompassing definition of hybrid publishers is difficult to establish, we can categorize them based on their common characteristics in today’s market.
Editorially Curated Hybrid Publishers
In this model, authors typically contribute to cover editing and publication expenses. However, a key feature is selectivity. These publishers don’t accept every manuscript they receive. This curation process can enhance the publisher’s brand reputation and potentially lead to improved marketing and distribution outcomes for the author. Examples of editorially curated hybrid publishers include Wonderwell, and Greenleaf Book Group.
Crowdfunding-Driven Hybrid Publishers
Publishers like Inkshares operate on a crowdfunding basis. Authors are required to raise a predetermined amount of funds from their readership to secure a publishing deal. Once this funding goal is met, the publishing process closely mirrors that of traditional publishing.
Assisted Self-Publishing: The “Vanity Press” Revisited
This category involves authors paying for publishing services with minimal or no selectivity from the publisher. In the pre-internet publishing era, this was commonly referred to as “vanity publishing,” a term that still applies in many cases. These companies often adopt the “hybrid publisher” label to appear more modern and appealing, distancing themselves from the negative connotations of “vanity press.”
Traditional Publishers with Self-Publishing Arms
Even some traditional publishers, including smaller, lesser-known presses, are entering the hybrid space. They may offer author services or assisted self-publishing packages marketed as “hybrid” options. It’s important to scrutinize these offerings carefully.
It’s crucial to recognize that assisted self-publishing services (often better described simply as “publishing services”) frequently adopt the “hybrid publisher” label for marketing purposes. To genuinely qualify as a hybrid publisher, these entities should offer value comparable to traditional publishers. This includes selective acquisitions, editorial expertise and vision, and substantial marketing support – all of which are significant investments.
Understanding Book Distribution: Many authors mistakenly believe that hybrid publishers offer superior “distribution” capabilities, particularly regarding online retail channels. However, online book distribution is generally accessible and cost-effective. Platforms like Amazon and IngramSpark facilitate distribution for a sales commission, not upfront distribution fees. For most authors, concerns about online distribution shouldn’t be a primary reason to choose a paid publishing model, hybrid or otherwise. That being said, if an author prioritizes in-store placement, bookstore relationships, and library outreach, they might consider a higher-tier hybrid publisher prepared to invest in print runs and dedicated marketing efforts, potentially involving costs exceeding $20,000.
Publishers with self-publishing arms, particularly those with questionable professionalism in their traditional operations, might leverage paid services to bolster their revenue and project a progressive image. These can be particularly problematic “hybrids.” They may present themselves as traditional publishers in industry guides, only to redirect authors to paid “hybrid” or self-publishing services after rejecting their work for traditional publication. This “bait-and-switch” tactic is a red flag.
Evaluating a Hybrid Publisher: Key Questions to Ask
When considering a hybrid publisher, it’s essential to conduct thorough due diligence to avoid overpaying for services easily accessible elsewhere or being misled. Here are crucial factors to evaluate:
Selectivity and Curation: Does the Hybrid Publisher Discern?
A legitimate hybrid publisher will have a selection process. They should assess the market potential and viability of each project. If a publisher appears to accept all submissions without demonstrating selectivity, it’s advisable to explore reputable self-publishing services instead and reconsider the perceived advantages of a “hybrid” label. Be wary of appeals to ego used to secure your business.
Distribution Beyond Online Retail: What Added Value is Offered?
A genuine hybrid publisher might offer specialized distribution channels, including physical placement in bookstores. While they may not guarantee in-store placement, actively placing books in brick-and-mortar retail outlets and possessing a marketing catalog are positive indicators. Remember, online retail distribution is readily available to self-published authors through Amazon and IngramSpark. A hybrid publisher’s investment in print editions and broader distribution networks can offer tangible value beyond what an author can easily achieve independently. However, it’s crucial to acknowledge that the majority of book sales now occur online, not in physical stores.
Pre- and Post-Publication Support: Is it a Long-Term Partnership?
Reputable hybrid publishers typically engage with authors throughout the publishing journey, both before and after publication. The relationship shouldn’t conclude upon book completion. Some may even handle subsidiary rights sales on the author’s behalf. However, be aware that extended post-publication services might involve ongoing fees beyond the initial term.
The Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA) has developed hybrid publishing criteria to promote professional standards within the industry. While these criteria serve as valuable best practices, they are voluntary and not universally enforced. Any company can self-identify as a hybrid publisher.
In summary, a hybrid publisher deserving of the name should exercise some level of selectivity, provide value that authors would find challenging to secure independently, and offer royalty rates that are more favorable than traditional publishing contracts (50% royalty is common). Ideally, they should be recognized within the publishing industry for quality and possess a reputation for delivering a publishing experience and finished product that justifies the financial investment.
However, it’s crucial to recognize that substantial upfront payments to a hybrid publisher significantly reduce the likelihood of recouping costs and generating profit from book sales, especially considering the publisher’s share of revenue. Approach hybrid publishing with realistic expectations and invest only what you can comfortably afford. Book sales rarely meet authors’ aspirational projections.
Further Insights: For a deeper exploration of hybrid publishers, refer to Jane Friedman’s May 2022 article in The Hot Sheet.
About the Author: Jane Friedman brings 25 years of experience in the publishing industry, specializing in business reporting and author education. She is the author of The Business of Being a Writer (The University of Chicago Press), a highly regarded resource in writing and publishing programs, with a second edition forthcoming in spring 2025. Through her newsletter, The Bottom Line, she delivers market analysis to authors and industry professionals. Recognized as Publishing Commentator of the Year by Digital Book World in 2023, her expertise is frequently featured in major media outlets such as The New York Times, NPR, and The Guardian.
